Which of the following is a push factor in migration?

A push factor in migration refers to conditions that drive people away from their current location. In this case, poverty and war are significant push factors because they create unfavorable living conditions. Individuals and families experiencing high levels of poverty may lack access to basic necessities, such as food, clean water, and shelter, prompting them to seek better opportunities elsewhere. Similarly, war and conflict result in danger to personal safety, disruptions to daily life, and the potential loss of property or loved ones. Together, these aspects force people to leave their home countries in search of safety and improved living conditions.

The other options represent pull factors rather than push factors. Availability of jobs and quality of life improvements indicate attractive features of a destination that draw migrants in. Political stability is also a characteristic that can entice individuals to move, as it implies a safe environment where rights are protected. Therefore, while all these aspects relate to migration, only poverty and war perfectly illustrate the reasons driving people away from their homes.